Data Center Construction Projects in the US: 44 Announcements Worth $735.9 Billion, Checked Against Census Spending

Registry of announced US data center projects of $1 billion or more

Checked monthly. Last checked 2026-10-05. Entries are neutral records of public data; each links to its source record.

Where data center construction projects cluster by state

21 states have at least one announced project of $1 billion or more. Dollar rankings are dominated by single very large campuses; counts point to Mississippi, Indiana, Texas and Wisconsin.

New Mexico ($165 billion) and Kentucky ($100 billion) rank first and second on one entry each. Project Jupiter's figure is a 30-year potential total stated by Doña Ana County, and the Paducah figure is a campus plus dedicated power generation to be built by 2032 (Doña Ana County; DOE).

Texas has 4 entries worth $83 billion, Louisiana 3 worth $72 billion, Mississippi 5 worth $49 billion and Indiana 5 worth $39 billion. Missouri and Pennsylvania each total $26 billion, and Wisconsin has 4 entries worth $23.3 billion.

The $50 billion Anthropic and Fluidstack program covers sites in Texas and New York without a stated split, so it is listed separately and left out of state totals (Fluidstack, 2025-11-12).

How large are announced data center construction projects?

Most announced dollars sit in a handful of campuses. The median entry is $10 billion, while the 4 entries of $50 billion or more hold $365 billion.

14 entries fall between $1 billion and under $5 billion ($34.9 billion), 7 between $5 billion and under $10 billion ($52 billion), 15 between $10 billion and under $20 billion ($179 billion) and 4 between $20 billion and under $50 billion ($105 billion).

Stated capacity appears in a minority of announcements. Where it is stated, examples include Vantage's 1.4 GW Frontier campus in Texas ($25 billion), Applied Digital's 280 MW Polaris Forge 2 in North Dakota ($3 billion) and Amazon's 2.4 GW northern Indiana plan ($15 billion). These pairs come from different scopes and years, so we do not divide dollars by megawatts.

Amazon (11 entries, $118 billion), Google (11 entries, $98.5 billion) and Meta (4 entries, $75 billion) account for the most registry entries. Microsoft has 3 entries worth $8.3 billion, all in Wisconsin and Indiana.

How much of the announced pipeline is on the public record

59.1% of entries and 70.7% of announced dollars are backed by a government record. The remainder rely on company statements.

A government record is a governor's release, a state economic development agency release, a county or city notice, or a federal agency release. 18 entries rest on a government record and 8 are corroborated by both a government record and a company statement. 18 entries (40.9%, $215.5 billion) rest on a company statement alone.

Government records are not proof that money has been spent. Several record incentives or county agreements whose terms depend on minimum investment thresholds, such as Indiana's 35-year sales tax credit for Microsoft's La Porte data center tied to a minimum $1 billion of eligible investment (IEDC, 2024-06-03).

How data center construction projects show up in Census spending data

Census measures what is built each month. It shows $49.7 billion of data center construction in 2025 and a $85.0 billion annual rate in August 2026, far below announced totals, because the measures differ.

The Census Bureau's Construction Spending survey reports private data center construction as a subcategory of office, starting January 2014. Census defines it as buildings that contain the hardware needed for storing, processing and transmitting digital information, and the series excludes land acquisition and production or special-purpose equipment (Census definitions). Some announced figures explicitly include IT equipment: Compass says its $10 billion Meridian figure includes future tenants' IT equipment.

The annual rate rose from $1.6 billion in January 2014 to $85.0 billion in August 2026, a multiple of 51.9. August 2026 was 73.2% above August 2025 ($49.1 billion). Data centers were 11.0% of private nonresidential construction in August 2026, against 0.5% in January 2014.

Seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR): A monthly value adjusted for seasonal patterns and multiplied to an annual pace. It is not the amount spent in that month.

Announced totals and Census spending answer different questions. The registry total of $735.9 billion is 14.8 times 2025 Census spending and 8.7 times the August 2026 annual rate. Announcements dated 2025 alone ($450.1 billion) are 9.0 times 2025 spending. The gap reflects multi-year horizons (up to 30 years for Project Jupiter), IT equipment inside some announced figures (Compass says its $10 billion includes tenants' IT equipment), power plants inside others, and projects that may slow or stop.

The monthly series and its revisions are analysed on our commercial construction spending page; this report uses it only as the official yardstick for the announcements.

Power and grid constraints on data center construction

Power supply now shapes where and how fast projects proceed. Federal and grid-reliability sources tie most forecast demand growth to data centers, and several states paused incentives or permits in 2026.

• Data centers used 176 TWh, about 4.4% of US electricity, in 2023, up from 58 TWh in 2014; projections reach 325 to 580 TWh, or 6.7% to 12%, by 2028 (DOE, 2024-12-20).
• NERC's 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment (January 2026) forecasts summer peak demand in its assessment areas to rise by over 224 GW over 10 years and winter peak by 245 GW, and says new data centers account for most of the increase (NERC).
• EIA's September 2026 outlook forecasts US electricity sales of 4,135 billion kWh in 2026, almost 2% above 2025, citing data center development (EIA).

Several announcements bundle power with the campus. The Paducah plan includes up to 4.6 GW of dedicated generation; Hut 8's River Bend phase starts with 330 MW of utility capacity from Entergy; DTE Energy agreed to supply 1.4 GW to the Saline Township campus in Michigan (NextEra, Entergy, Michigan Advance).

State policy shifted in 2026. Ohio paused new data center tax exemption requests (2026-05-27); Illinois paused new Data Center Investment Program agreements starting July 1 (announced 2026-06-05); Texas's governor announced developer commitments to his data center standards (2026-08-18) and, according to CNBC, paused environmental permits for new data centers pending an audit (2026-09-21); Virginia issued Executive Order 22 (2026-09-18); California signed 7 bills (2026-09-21).

The White House said on 2026-07-23 that its Ratepayer Protection Pledge, under which large data center operators fund the generation and infrastructure their projects require, covers 80% of power delivered to US homes and businesses.

What the data center pipeline means for commercial contractors

The work is concentrated in very large, electrically intensive campuses that need thousands of trade workers at peak. Electricians are the trade most directly exposed.

• Meta's Richland Parish project is expected to support 7,500 construction jobs (Louisiana Economic Development, 2026-07-13).
• Meta's Lebanon, Indiana campus is expected to support more than 4,000 construction jobs at peak (City of Lebanon, 2026-02-11).
• Vantage's Port Washington, Wisconsin campus expects more than 4,000 skilled construction jobs, mostly union (Vantage, 2025-10-22).
• Project Jupiter's county terms cite approximately 2,500 construction jobs from 2025 to 2028 (Doña Ana County).
• Oracle says more than $5 billion invested in site construction at Saline Township will go to Michigan contractors and suppliers (Oracle, 2026-06-01).

Electricians held 821,000 jobs in 2025 with median pay of $63,190; BLS projects 9% employment growth from 2025 to 2035 and about 72,700 openings a year (BLS). Those figures cover all industries. Wider workforce data are on our construction labor shortage page, and material and bid price trends on our commercial construction price index page.

Counts and distributions

Download the calculations (CSV)

Key findings

1. 44 US data center construction projects of $1 billion or more were announced from 2024-01-01 to 2026-10-05 and verified in a government or company record, totaling $735.9 billion announced.^[10][15][33]
2. Announcements dated 2025 account for 24 entries and $450.1 billion; 2026 to October 5 accounts for 13 entries and $247.5 billion; 2024 accounts for 7 entries and $38.3 billion.^[11][24][33]
3. Project Jupiter in Doña Ana County, New Mexico carries the largest stated figure: up to $165 billion over 30 years, with a minimum initial investment of $50 billion (Doña Ana County).^[21]
4. The Paducah Site campus in Kentucky was announced on 2026-07-29 at $100 billion, with up to 1.8 GW of utility capacity and up to 4.6 GW of dedicated generation by 2032.^[9][67]
5. Texas has 4 entries totaling $83 billion, led by Google's $40 billion statewide plan announced 2025-11-14 and Vantage's $25 billion Frontier campus in Shackelford County.^[24][52]
6. Louisiana has 3 entries totaling $72 billion, including Meta's Richland Parish commitment of more than $50 billion (2026-07-13) and Amazon's $12 billion Caddo and Bossier campuses (2026-02-23).^[15][28]
7. Mississippi has 5 entries totaling $49 billion, including xAI's Southaven project of more than $20 billion (2026-01-08).^[26][10]
8. Indiana has 5 entries totaling $39 billion, including Amazon's $15 billion northern Indiana plan for 2.4 GW (2025-11-24).^[63][27]
9. US private data center construction spending reached $49.7 billion in 2025, up 42.9% from 2024 (Census, sum of monthly values).^[3]
10. In August 2026 data center construction ran at $85.0 billion SAAR, 11.0% of private nonresidential construction, up from 0.5% in January 2014.^[2]
11. January to August 2026 data center spending was $45.2 billion, 41.7% above the same months of 2025 ($31.9 billion).^[3]
12. Data centers used 4.4% of US electricity in 2023 and are projected to use 6.7% to 12% by 2028 (DOE summary of the LBNL report).^[5]
13. NERC's 2025 assessment forecasts summer peak demand to rise by over 224 GW over 10 years, 69% more than the prior year's 132 GW projection, with data centers the main driver.^[6]

Executive summary

• The registry holds 44 US data center construction projects with a stated investment of $1 billion or more, announced from 2024-01-01 to 2026-10-05, totaling $735.9 billion in announced investment.
• Two very large campuses carry $265.0 billion of that total: Project Jupiter in Doña Ana County, New Mexico (up to $165 billion over 30 years) and the Paducah, Kentucky campus ($100 billion). Without them the total is $470.9 billion.
• By count, Mississippi and Indiana lead with 5 entries each; by announced dollars, New Mexico, Kentucky and Texas lead, with $348 billion or 50.7% of the amount allocated to single states.
• The median announced project is $10 billion, and 23 of 44 entries (52.3%) are $10 billion or more.
• Amazon and Google each account for 11 entries; Amazon's announcements total $118 billion and Google's $98.5 billion.
• Census counts $49.7 billion of private data center construction put in place in 2025, up 42.9% from $34.8 billion in 2024 and 27.7 times the 2014 level.
• The announced total is 14.8 times 2025 Census spending; the two figures measure different things (multi-year announcements that can include IT equipment and power plants vs. construction put in place in one year), so the ratio describes scale, not a forecast.
• 26 of 44 entries (59.1%) are backed by a government record; 18 rest on a company statement alone.

Frequently asked questions

Methodology

Selection: we searched governor, state economic development agency, county, city and federal agency releases, then company releases, for US data center projects with a stated investment of $1 billion or more announced from 2024-01-01 to 2026-10-05. An entry is included only if we opened a source that states the amount. News reports are used only for dates or corroboration.

Evidence levels: government record (state, local or federal publication), company statement (developer, tenant or utility release) and corroborated (both confirm the project). One row per announcement; expansions of a campus announced earlier are recorded at the latest stated cumulative figure (Meta, Richland Parish; Meta and BlackRock, El Paso) to avoid double counting.

Amounts: we use the figure as stated. For more than $X or up to $X we use X. Statewide company figures (for example Google in Texas, Oklahoma, Virginia and South Carolina) can include cloud infrastructure and community programs. Totals are announced, not spent, can span decades, can include IT equipment and power generation, and may overlap (the Fluidstack Cameron County phase may be part of the Anthropic program).

Exclusions: Blackstone's $25 billion Pennsylvania plan mixes data centers and gas generation; Stargate sites without a per-site figure; news-only figures such as an OpenAI project in Effingham County, Georgia; and announcements before 2024 or under $1 billion. See excluded.md.

Census context: private data center construction from the Census Bureau's Construction Spending (C30) August 2026 release of 2026-10-01; annual values are sums of not seasonally adjusted months. The next release, with September data, is due 2026-11-02. Derived metrics and formulas are in derived_metrics.csv.

Update schedule: the registry is checked monthly; last checked 2026-10-05.

This report presents published data with its limitations. It is not legal, financial or investment advice.

Sources, ranked by quality

Tier 1: primary and official sources (40)

• [1] U.S. Census Bureau. Monthly Construction Spending, August 2026 (release CB26-158). August 2026 (released 2026-10-01). Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [2] U.S. Census Bureau. Value of Private Construction Put in Place, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate (privsatime.xlsx). January 2014 to August 2026. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [3] U.S. Census Bureau. Value of Private Construction Put in Place, Not Seasonally Adjusted (privtime.xlsx). January 2014 to August 2026. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [4] U.S. Census Bureau. Construction Spending: Definitions of construction types. Current definitions. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [5] U.S. Department of Energy. DOE Releases New Report Evaluating Increase in Electricity Demand from Data Centers. 2014 to 2023, projections to 2028 (published 2024-12-20). Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [6] North American Electric Reliability Corporation. 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment. 10-year assessment period (published January 2026). Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [7] U.S. Energy Information Administration. Short-Term Energy Outlook: Electricity, coal and renewables. Forecast for 2026 (released 2026-09-09). Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [8] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook: Electricians. 2025 employment and pay; projections 2025 to 2035. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [9] U.S. Department of Energy. Energy Department Announces Partnership to Expand Reliable, Affordable Energy Access and Power. Announced 2026-07-29. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [10] Mississippi Development Authority. Amazon Web Services plans to invest $10 billion, creating 1,000 jobs to establish data center complexes in Mississippi. Announced 2024-01-25. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [11] Indiana Economic Development Corporation. Gov. Holcomb announces Amazon Web Services plans to invest $11B to create a new data center campus in northern Indiana. Announced 2024-04-25. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [12] Indiana Economic Development Corporation. Gov. Holcomb announces Google is building a $2B data center in northeast Indiana. Announced 2024-04-26. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [13] Indiana Economic Development Corporation. Gov. Holcomb announces plans for new $1B Microsoft data center in northwest Indiana. Announced 2024-06-03. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [14] Office of the Governor of Ohio. Governor DeWine Announces $10 Billion Investment Plan from Amazon Web Services in Greater Ohio. Announced 2024-12-17. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [15] Louisiana Economic Development. Meta Commits More Than $50 Billion for North Louisiana Project. Announced 2026-07-13. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [16] Office of the Governor of Pennsylvania. Governor Josh Shapiro Announces Amazon Plans to Invest $20 Billion in Pennsylvania for AI Infrastructure. Announced 2025-06-09. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [17] Office of the Governor of North Carolina. Governor Stein Announces Amazon Plans to Invest $10 Billion in North Carolina for AI Infrastructure. Announced 2025-06-04. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [18] Office of the Governor of South Carolina. Cielo Digital Infrastructure selects Cherokee County for first South Carolina development project. Announced 2025-06-24. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [19] Office of Governor Tate Reeves (Mississippi). AVAIO Digital to locate $6 billion data center campus in Rankin County. Announced 2025-08-19. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [20] Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation. Gov. Evers, Microsoft Officials Announce New $4 Billion Investment in Mount Pleasant Datacenter. Announced 2025-09-18. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [21] Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Project Jupiter (economic development projects page). County project terms, 2025. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [22] Arkansas Economic Development Commission. Google Locating New Data Center in West Memphis, Arkansas with Multi-Billion Dollar Investment. Announced 2025-10-02. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [23] Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation. Meta, state and local officials announce $1 billion data center investment in Beaver Dam project. Announced 2025-11-12. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [24] Office of the Texas Governor. Governor Abbott, Google Announce $40 Billion Investment In Texas. Announced 2025-11-14. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [25] Office of Governor Tate Reeves (Mississippi). Governor Tate Reeves announces Amazon plans to invest $3 billion in Vicksburg. Announced 2025-11-20. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [26] Mississippi Development Authority. Tech leader xAI investing more than $20 billion in Southaven. Announced 2026-01-08. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [27] Indiana Economic Development Corporation. Gov. Braun Breaks Ground on $10B Meta Data Center Campus at LEAP District. Announced 2026-02-11. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [28] Louisiana Economic Development. Amazon Selects Louisiana for $12 Billion Data Center Campuses in Major U.S. Expansion. Announced 2026-02-23. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [29] Office of the Governor of West Virginia. Governor Morrisey Announces $4 Billion Private Investment in West Virginia's First High Impact Intelligence Center. Announced 2026-02-26. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [30] City of Lenoir, North Carolina. Google Announces New, Two-Year $1 Billion Investment in North Carolina. Announced 2026-03-13. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [31] Office of the Governor of Missouri. Missouri Secures $15 Billion Investment from Google in Montgomery County. Announced 2026-05-21. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [32] King George County, Virginia. Agreement Reached on Data Center Campus. Posted 2026-09-29. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [33] Office of the Governor of Missouri. Amazon Investing $10 Billion in Montgomery County. Announced 2026-10-01. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [34] City of Lebanon, Indiana. Meta Makes Lebanon Data Center Announcement Official. Posted 2026-02-11. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [35] Office of the Governor of Ohio. Governor DeWine Announces Pause of Data Center Tax Exemption. Announced 2026-05-27. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [36] Office of the Governor of Illinois. Gov. Pritzker Pauses New Data Center Tax Incentives. Announced 2026-06-05. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [37] Office of the Governor of California. Governor Newsom signs most comprehensive data center laws in the nation. Signed 2026-09-21. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [38] Office of the Governor of Virginia. Governor Spanberger Unveils Data Center Accountability Standards, Signs Executive Order. Announced 2026-09-18. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [39] Office of the Texas Governor. Governor Abbott Announces Power House Data Centers, CoreWeave And Emergent Data Centers Commit To Comply With His Data Centers Standards. Announced 2026-08-18. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [40] The White House. President Trump's Ratepayer Protection Pledge Secures American AI Dominance, Protects Consumers. Released 2026-07-23. Accessed 2026-10-05.

Tier 2: trade bodies, market research, company data (29)

• [41] Missouri Partnership (public-private economic development organization). Google Announces $1 Billion Data Center In Kansas City, Missouri. Announced 2024-03-20. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [42] Microsoft. Microsoft announces $3.3 billion investment in Wisconsin. Announced 2024-05-08. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [43] Microsoft. Microsoft completes construction on first datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin. Published 2026-06-23. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [44] Amazon. AWS plans $11 billion Indiana investment. Announced 2024-04-25. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [45] Amazon. AWS plans $10 billion infrastructure investment in Ohio. Updated 2024-12-24. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [46] Amazon. AWS plans $11 billion Georgia infrastructure investment. Announced 2025-01-07. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [47] Compass Datacenters. Compass project generates $10 billion investment in Lauderdale County. Announced 2025-01-09. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [48] Alliant Energy. Google Announces Data Center Project at Big Cedar Industrial Center. Posted June 2025. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [49] CoreWeave. CoreWeave Announces Multi-Billion Dollar Commitment to AI Infrastructure in Pennsylvania. Announced 2025-07-15. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [50] Google. Google announces new $9 billion investment in Oklahoma. Announced 2025-08-13. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [51] Applied Digital. Applied Digital to Break Ground on $3 Billion Polaris Forge 2 Campus. Announced 2025-08-18. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [52] Vantage Data Centers. Vantage Data Centers Unveils Plans for Frontier, a $25B Mega Campus in Texas. Announced 2025-08-19. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [53] Google. Google announces new $9 billion investment in Virginia. Announced 2025-08-27. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [54] Google. Google announces new $4 billion investment in Arkansas. Announced 2025-10-02. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [55] Google. Google announces new $40 billion investment in Texas. Announced 2025-11-14. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [56] Google. Google announces new $9 billion investment in South Carolina. Announced 2025-10-13. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [57] Vantage Data Centers. OpenAI, Oracle and Vantage Data Centers Announce Stargate Data Center Site in Wisconsin. Announced 2025-10-22. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [58] OpenAI. OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites. Updated 2025-10-22. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [59] Related Companies. Related Digital announces financing for $16 billion Oracle data center project in Saline Township, Michigan. Announced 2026-04-24. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [60] Oracle. Related Digital, Oracle, OpenAI, Walbridge and Governor Whitmer celebrate construction of Stargate campus in Saline Township. Announced 2026-06-01. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [61] Fluidstack. Fluidstack selected by Anthropic to deliver custom data centers in New York and Texas. Announced 2025-11-12. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [62] Amazon. Amazon plans to invest $3 billion in Mississippi data centers. Announced 2025-11-20. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [63] Amazon. Amazon to invest $15 billion in Indiana for new data centers. Announced 2025-11-24. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [64] Entergy. Hut 8 selects Entergy, Southeast Louisiana for $10 billion artificial intelligence data center. Announced 2025-12-17. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [65] Google. Google strengthens its presence in Alabama through new investment. Announced 2026-06-15. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [66] Meta Platforms. Meta Announces New Strategic Venture with BlackRock to Develop Data Center in El Paso. Announced 2026-07-28. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [67] NextEra Energy. DOE Site in Western Kentucky Revitalized with Data Center Campus and Dedicated Energy Project. Announced 2026-07-29. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [68] Oracle. Project Jupiter Will Bring More Than $4.7 Billion to New Mexico. Announced 2026-07-28. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [69] Fluidstack. Construction begins on our 1.5GW, $4B first phase in Cameron County. Published 2026-09-21. Accessed 2026-10-05.

Tier 3: journalism and expert commentary (7)

• [70] KCUR (Kansas City Public Radio). Missouri governor announces $15 billion Google data center in Montgomery County. Published 2026-05-21. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [71] The Statehouse News Bureau (Ohio). Amazon Web Services plans $10b spend in Ohio. Published 2024-12-17. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [72] WSB Radio. Amazon plans to spend around $11 billion on pair of GA data centers. Published 2025-01-08. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [73] El Paso Matters. Tech giants Open AI, Oracle behind $165 billion data center campus near El Paso. Published 2025-09-25. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [74] Michigan Advance. Whitmer: Multi-billion-dollar Saline Township data center largest investment in Michigan history. Published 2025-10-30. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [75] Construction Dive. Analyzing the US data center construction boom. Published 2026-09-09; data as of 2026-08-24. Accessed 2026-10-05.
• [76] CNBC. Texas Gov. Abbott orders data center permit halt weeks after issuing moratorium. Published 2026-09-21. Accessed 2026-10-05.